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1.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 31(1): 3-5, 15/03/2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1368875

RESUMO

La detección temprana sigue siendo pilar fundamental en el control del cáncer ya que no mas de 30% de las neoplasias malignas se pueden prevenir mediante la intervención de sus factores de riesgo,[1] y adicionalmente, la enfermedad localizada sigue teniendo mayor supervivencia que los estados metastásicos, aún con la sustancial mejora del tratamiento sistémico. A pesar de ello, existe una controversia creciente acerca de la tamización, en donde juega papel central el sobrediagnóstico. La reducción de la mortalidad es el objetivo primordial de la tamización en cáncer y dada la frecuente manifestación tardía de síntomas, la búsqueda de la enfermedad en población asintomática reviste toda lógica; no obstante, esta lógica se basa en la definición de neoplasia maligna como el crecimiento anómalo de células con capacidad de invasión progresiva, capacidad que se determina por cambios morfológicos y no por la dinámica de la enfermedad. Hoy se sabe que los cambios morfológicos tienen espectro amplio con cursos naturales variables, incluyendo neoplasias que no progresan o que progresan muy lentamente sin que lleguen a manifestarse durante la vida del paciente.


Early detection remains a fundamental pillar in cancer control since no more than 30% of malignant neoplasms can be prevented by intervention of their risk factors,[1] and additionally, localized disease continues to have longer survival than metastatic stages, even with the substantial improvement in systemic treatment. Despite this, there is a growing controversy about screening, in which overdiagnosis plays a central role. The reduction of mortality is the primary objective of cancer screening and given the frequent late manifestation of symptoms, the search for the disease in an asymptomatic population is logical; however, this logic is based on the definition of malignant neoplasm as the abnormal growth of cells with progressive invasive capacity, a capacity that is determined by morphologic changes and not by the dynamics of the disease. It is now known that morphologic changes have a broad spectrum with variable natural courses, including neoplasms that do not progress or that progress very slowly without ever manifesting themselves during the patient's lifetime.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Terapêutica , Programas de Rastreamento , Fatores de Risco , Colômbia , Sobrediagnóstico , Neoplasias
3.
Cancer Prev Res (Phila) ; 9(9): 766-71, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27417431

RESUMO

Urine sampling for HPV DNA detection has been proposed as an effective method for monitoring the impact of HPV vaccination programs; however, conflicting results have been reported. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of optimized urine HPV DNA testing in women aged 19 to 25 years. Optimization process included the use of first void urine, immediate mixing of urine with DNA preservative, and the concentration of all HPV DNA, including cell-free DNA fragments. Urine and cervical samples were collected from 535 young women attending cervical screening at health centers from two Colombian cities. HPV DNA detection and genotyping was performed using an HPV type-specific multiplex genotyping assay, which combines multiplex polymerase chain reaction with bead-based Luminex technology. Concordance between HPV DNA detection in urine and cervical samples was determined using kappa statistics and McNemar tests. The accuracy of HPV DNA testing in urine samples was evaluated measuring sensitivity and specificity using as reference the results obtained from cervical samples. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA11.2 software. The findings revealed an overall HPV prevalence of 60.00% in cervical samples and 64.72% in urine samples, HPV-16 being the most frequent HPV type detected in both specimens. Moreover, our results indicate that detection of HPV DNA in first void urine provides similar results to those obtained with cervical samples and can be used to monitor HPV vaccination trials and programs as evidenced by the substantial concordance found for the detection of the four vaccine types. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 766-71. ©2016 AACR.


Assuntos
Colo do Útero/virologia , DNA Viral/análise , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Urina/virologia , Adulto , Colômbia , Feminino , Humanos , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Esfregaço Vaginal , Adulto Jovem
4.
Biomedica ; 30(1): 107-15, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20890555

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the female population in Colombia. The low impact of Papanicolaou smears in reducing cervical cancer mortality in some countries has been attributed to their low reproducibility and high rates of false negatives. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of the Papanicolaou smears in four regions of Colombia comparing the original report given by provincial cytologists or pathologists with a second report made by a team of expert pathologists from the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología of Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 4,863 Papanicolau smears was selected by a simple stratified randomized sampling method. Three strata were defined according to the original cytological report as negative, positive and unsatisfactory. All slides were newly interpreted with Bethesda 2001 by two independent experienced pathologists blinded to the first results. Non-weighted kappa values were calculated for degree of agreement. RESULTS: Overall, the concordance between the two evaluations was very low with a kappa value of 0.03 (95% CI: 0-0.06). With regard to abnormalities in squamous cells, evaluation concordance was moderate with a value of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.41- 0.53); a trend was noted suggesting higher levels of concordance in the evaluations from the Tolima and Magdalena Provinces. CONCLUSION: Problems related with the quality of Papanicolau smears or the accurate reading thereof may be factors that explain the low impact of massive screening in cervical cancer mortality in Colombia.


Assuntos
Teste de Papanicolaou , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Esfregaço Vaginal/normas , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Controle de Qualidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
5.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 30(1): 107-115, mar. 2009. mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-560919

RESUMO

Introducción. El cáncer de cuello uterino constituye la primera causa de muerte entre la población femenino por cáncer en Colombia. El bajo impacto que ha tenido el uso de la citología en algunos países, se ha atribuido a la baja reproducibilidad de los resultados y las altas tasas de falsos negativos.Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de la lectura de citologías de cuello uterino en cuatro departamentos de Colombia, mediante un análisis de concordancia entre el reporte original y el reporte de un grupo de referencia conformado por patólogos expertos. Materiales y métodos. Se diseñó una muestra probabilística de citologías por medio de un muestreo aleatorio estratificado simple. Se definieron tres estratos según el reporte citológico del departamento (insatisfactorio, negativo y positivo). Todas las láminas fueron leídas de manera ciega e independiente por dos patólogos expertos y calificadas según el sistema Bethesda 2001. Se empleó el coeficiente kappa no ponderado para describir la concordancia. Resultados. La concordancia con respecto a la evaluación de la calidad de la citología fue muy baja en todos los departamentos (kappa=0,03; IC95% 0 a 0,06). La concordancia con respecto a la evaluación de anormalidades de células escamosas fue moderada (kappa=0,47; IC95% 0,41 a 0,53). Se insinuó una concordancia más alta en Tolima y Magdalena, comparada con la de Boyacá y Caldas. Conclusión. Existen problemas en la calidad de lectura de las citologías que pueden explicar el bajo impacto de la citología en la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Colombia.


Introduction. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the female population in Colombia. The low impact of Papanicolaou smears in reducing cervical cancer mortality in some countries has been attributed to their low reproducibility and high rates of false negatives. Objective. To evaluate the quality of the Papanicolaou smears in four regions of Colombia comparing the original report given by provincial cytologists or pathologists with a second report made by a team of expert pathologists from the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología of Colombia.Materials and methods. A sample of 4,863 Papanicolau smears was selected by a simple stratified randomized sampling method. Three strata were defined according to the original cytological report as negative, positive and unsatisfactory. All slides were newly interpreted with Bethesda 2001 by two independent experienced pathologists blinded to the first results. Non-weighted kappa values were calculated for degree of agreement.Results. Overall, the concordance between the two evaluations was very low with a kappa value of 0.03 (95% CI: 0-0.06). With regard to abnormalities in squamous cells, evaluation concordance was moderate with a value of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.41- 0.53); a trend was noted suggesting higher levels of concordance in the evaluations from the Tolima and Magdalena Provinces.Conclusion. Problems related with the quality of Papanicolau smears or the accurate reading thereof may be factors that explain the low impact of massive screening in cervical cancer mortality in Colombia.


Assuntos
Biologia Celular , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Esfregaço Vaginal , Neoplasias do Ânus
6.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 8(1): 5-14, mar. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-388735

RESUMO

Objetivos: estimar la incidencia de cáncer en Colombia, y comparar las cifras obtenidas al variar las fuentes de información para el ajuste por subregistro de la mortalidad y la información de base para el modelo. Material y métodos: se utilizaron dos procesos para calcular la incdencia de cáncer en Colombia a partir de la mortalidad de los años 1995-1999 y de la razón incidencia/mortalidad obtenida mediante un modelo log-lineal con nformación de incidencia de regstros poblaciones de cáncer. El proceso 1 se basó en la incdencia reportada por tres registros latinoamericanos. El proceso 2 se basón en la incidencia reportada por el registro de Población de Cáncer de Cali. En ambos casos se corrigió el subregistro de la mortalidad a partir de dos fuentes distintas. Los procesos se validaron aplicando los métodos para las ciudades de Cali y Pasto, que cuentan con registros poblacinales. Resultados: según el proceso 1, la incdencia calculada para todos los tipos de cáncer en Colombia fue de 223,3/100.000 en hombres y 212,9/100,000 en mujeres. En ambos procesos la incidencia estimada fue mayor cuando se corrigió la mortalidad por el subregistro específico de cada departamento que cuando se corrigió con el subregistro general del país. Concluisones: en ausencia de un registro de cáncer representativo del país, la incidencia estimada aporta información sustancial para acercarse al comportamiento del riesgo población. El ajuste de los datos de mortalidad y los registros de cáncer que se utilizan en el proceso de estimación influyen de manera significativa y resaltan la importancia de considerar las diferencias regionales.


Assuntos
Colômbia , Epidemiologia , Incidência , Neoplasias
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